Last issue we learned about that bone, bone attachment and skeletal muscle make up our motor system.

On this issue, we would like to talk about the bone which is a sort of framework to support our body under the influence of gravity.

Bone is made up of sclerotin, periosteum and bone marrow.

To be specific, sclerotin is composed of bone tissue and can be divided into compact bone and spongy bone by structure. The compact bones are distributed on the surface of bone. Spongy bones are like spongy, which consist of interwoven trabeculaes. Trabeculaes are aligned parallel to the direction of stress and tension on the bone, so that the bone can support heavy mass of our bodies.

The periosteum is mainly composed of fibrous connective tissue, covering the surface of bone outside the articular surface where is rich in nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and plays an important role in the nutritional regeneration and sensation of bone. The periosteum can be divided into inner and outer layers, the outer layer is dense. There are many collagen fiber bundles penetrating sclerotins, so that the periosteum is fixed on the bone surface. The meshes of bone marrow cavity and spongy bone are lined with a thin layer of connective tissue membrane which is called endosteum. In early childhood, the function of periosteum is active to facilitate bone growth, but for adults, the function of periosteum is relatively static, maintaining the physiological state of bone. When the bones are damaged, such as fractures, the function of periosteum osteogenesis can be reactive, in order to promote fracture repairing and healing.

Bone marrow is a soft tissue that fills the space between bone marrow cavity and spongy bone. Meanwhile, bone marrow can be divided into red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow. Red bone marrow contains red blood cells and other immature blood cells. The bone marrow of fetus and infant is red bone marrow, after 5 years old, the red bone marrow inside long bone shaft is replaced gradually by adipose tissue, and the adipose tissue is yellow, so it is called yellow bone marrow.

All in all, sclerotin, periosteum and bone marrow make up our bones by structure, and sclerotin, periosteum and bone marrow play their respective vital roles in maintaining normal status of our bodies.

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